ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the phenomena and presents the state of the art solutions to reduce or avoid these problems, including sampling scheme selection, sampling parameter adjustment, and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm optimization. When applying a PID controller in an event-based control loop without changing the control algorithm, several phenomena arise that degrade both control performance and message rate. Most event-based sampling approaches are based on such a periodic sampling and decide for each observation if it should be transmitted. Independent of the signal transmission, controllers may be operated periodically or event-based. The behavior of an event-based PID controller can be approximated from its continuous-time counterpart. The performance of the event-based sampling approaches depends strongly on the parametrization and the controller. PID controllers are very popular in automation due to their simplicity, easy tuning, and robustness. PID controls are quite robust to changes of plant parameters, allowing long operation times without maintenance.
