ABSTRACT
Fluids with suspended nanoparticles are called nanofluids. Nanofluid technology has emerged as a new heat transfer technique. Since nanoparticles offer extremely large total surface areas, nanofluids exhibit superior thermal properties relative to conventional heat transfer fluids and fluids containing micrometer-sized particles. The transport properties of nanofluids have been a topic of intense research due to their prospective technological applications in electronics cooling and heat transfer. The proposed model is expressed as a function of the thermal conductivities of the base fluids and the nanoparticles, the average diameter of nanoparticles, the nanoparticle concentration, the fractal dimension of nanoparticles, and physical properties of fluids. The Monte Carlo technique combined with fractal geometry theory is applied to predict the convective heat transfer of nanofluids. Heat transfer characteristics of CaCO3 and Cu nanofluids with and without acoustic cavitation were investigated experimentally. A flow pattern characterized by a vapor mushroom in high heat flux boiling phenomena was observed in both pure water and nanofluids.
