ABSTRACT
Electric field intensity is obtained by dividing the electric force by the magnitude of the test charge. Behaviour of an electric field is conventionally analyzed considering the test charge to be a unit positive charge. Hence, the test charge will experience repulsive force from a positive source charge and attractive force from a negative source charge. Electric flux density is then defined as the electric flux per unit area normal to the direction of electric flux. In the case of a point charge the electric fieldlines are directed radially from the source charge and hence the electric fieldlines are always normal to the surface of the sphere having the point charge at its center. If the charge distribution is of finite extent, then the electric field should behave as if the charge distribution is like point charge, and decreases with the square of the distance.
