ABSTRACT
Monte Carlo (MC) methods are computational methods that use random numbers to model stochastic processes or to model deterministic processes that can be approximated by stochastic ones. The MC approach is the numerical method of choice for problems that model objects interacting with other objects or their environment based upon simple object-object or object-environment relationships (Bielajew 2001). Typical examples are transport of energetic particles with matter, which results from stochastic energy-loss processes, or transport of electrical carriers in semiconductors governed by random collisions (for this latter case, we already mentioned in Chapter 8 the direct solution of the Boltzmann transport equation by the MC method, which is well adapted for a rigorous solution of this problem).
