ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on biosensor design considerations in medicine research, diagnostics, etc., nearly all of the devices have far-reaching applications beyond the exclusive domain of biomedical research. For instance, a biosensor for detecting malaria could also be implemented to detect pathogenic organisms in food, or as a research tool to screen for inhibitors to prevent disease. Optical biosensors are the most widely used label-free biosensing platforms to study biomolecular interactions because of their relative ease of use, high sensitivity, and the high information content of the data they generate. Silicon photonic optical biosensors are the most promising candidate technology with the potential to integrate all of these design features. Electrochemical biosensors operate by detecting the change in the resistance or capacitance on an electrical sensing component in response to the formation of binding complexes or to environmental perturbations. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in the case of affinity biosensors, measures the change in the impedance of an electrical circuit.
