ABSTRACT
Electronic circuits are classified as analog, digital, or mixed-signal, the latter being a combination of the analog and digital types. Circuits contain discrete components often purchased off-the-shelf. During the development stage, the circuit components are typically assembled on breadboards, perfboards, or stripboards that allow for easily making changes to the circuit. Digital circuits are prevalent in electronics because it is easier to get a device to switch into one of a number of known states than to reproduce a continuous range of values. Digital circuits are made from logic gates which model simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions. Digital circuits are the basic building blocks from which microprocessors, microcontrollers, computer systems, and virtually all digital electronic devices are constructed. These building blocks are essentially simple and perform elementary functions. The complication sometimes arises from the fact that a single device can contain thousands of these primitive components.
