ABSTRACT
Optimizing Electrochemical supercapacitors (ES) design involves the selection of appropriate electrodes, electrolytes, separators, and sealants. Electrode materials must be conductive and highly porous to increase charge storage ability. Careful selection and matching of ES materials can minimize resistances, avoid short circuits, reduce safety issues, support high ion mobility, increase operating voltage, and enhance the charge storage capacity of future ES devices. Metals used in traditional capacitors utilize highly conductive metals as electrode materials that can achieve very high power; however, ESs commonly uses carbons as the active electrode components. Electrolytes play an important role in overall ES performance. Aqueous electrolytes are most commonly applied in the development stages of new ES materials. This is because of several key factors that include high ionic conductivity, mobility, and low hazard level. Good electrical conductivity is important in enabling ES devices to operate at high power.
