ABSTRACT
This chapter investigates the energy efficiency in Large-scale distributed computing systems (LDCS) in terms particularly of resource allocation, reviews practices with respect to energy models for applications, and discusses issues in this regard with a practical example. It presents an overview of energy efficiency in LDCSs with issues and discusses the current approaches that incorporate energy models derived with the consideration of application characteristics. Sustainable/green computing is the application of ecological-friendliness to the practice of computing as an essential principle. In the context of energy efficiency in clouds, load imbalance/flux is a serious cause of inefficient resource use, resulting in poor energy proportionality to performance. Cloud computing systems typically consist of many power-hungry components including processors, memory modules, and network devices. Energy efficiency in these systems is investigated at different levels, such as hardware level, operating system level, virtualization technique level, and operations management level.
