ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a cognitive diversity routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with the main objective to extend network lifetime. There are mainly three types of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: flat-based, hierarchical, and location-based. Energy-aware protocols take into account the signal strength to reduce energy consumption by choosing optimal forwarding nodes. Diversity is often used in communication systems to combat fading in wireless channels; hence this technique is employed to increase reliability. Time diversity, frequency diversity, space diversity, and multiuser diversity have all been used to combat fading. Diversity routing is heavily utilized in cooperative routing. Cognitive diversity routing (CDR) is divided into three main phases: the initial phase, the network maintenance phase, and the routing phase. The cognitive diversity routing (CDR) protocol is tested using the simulation tool of OPNET Modeler 15.0. Diversity routing techniques are utilized to increase reliability and decrease the number of unnecessary retransmissions.
