ABSTRACT
Biosensors that include transducers based on integrated circuit are often referred as biochips. A biochip normally consists of array of biosensors that can be monitored individually and can be used for the analysis of multiple analyte. This chapter reviews some of the reported methods used for on-chip transducers. Resonating micromachined cantilever is a promising mass-sensitive chemical sensor especially when fabricated with the interface circuit on a single chip. The absorption of the agents in the chemically sensitive polymer causes a shift in the resonance frequency of the cantilever transducer. Liquid crystal (LC) systems have proved to be an excellent candidate for reliable and sensitive detection for chemical and biological agents. They have been used to detect mustard gas, pesticides, and various viruses and have been used to amplify protein-binding events at an interface. The chapter describes LC chemical and biological sensors in detail.
