ABSTRACT
In many practical situations, it is important to determine and measure the attitude of a particular vehicle, such as a ship, an airplane, a piece of mechanical equipment such as a crane li£er, or a spacecra£. For this reason, many attitude sensors have been developed with advanced computer and semiconductor technologies. œis section Ÿrst introduces the various attitude sensors with an explanation of their operating principles and then presents several methodologies for attitude measurement and determination, including ships and crane li£ers, aircra£, and spacecra£ applications.
