ABSTRACT
Quite a few applications of light energy have been reported comparing with possibilities for information optics. In recent years, there have been new attempts at actuating and/or driving to small objects with nano to micrometer size because they are too small to be controlled by electric motors. A novel optical actuator is utilized for a miniaturized inspection robot in an extreme environment, for example, inside of nuclear reactors and the human body. A microgripper and a manipulator have been required for applications ranging from industries to the biomedical area. Samples for manipulation, handling, and carriage spread out not only solid materials as mechanical parts but also soft ones as biocells and noncontact and remote control. Moreover, there are different sizes, shapes, and weights (Higuchi et al., 2010).
