ABSTRACT
In Chapters 5 and 8, we discussed that a single pulse sequence in the form of a soliton shape can be generated from MLFLs under active modulation of the pulse energy in a ring resonator; this chapter describes the generation of bound solitons in active MLLs. This forms new photonic sources of ultrashort pulse pairs and multiple pulse pairs or groups of solitons for optical transmission or logic operations. In this chapter, we present the experimental generation of stable bound states of multiple solitons in an active MLFL using continuous phase modulation for wideband phase matching of the optical ›eld circulating in the ›ber ring cavity. Not only can dual-bound soliton states be established, but triple-and quadruple-soliton pulses can also be established. The simulations of the generated solitons are demonstrated and agree with the experimental results. We also prove by simulation that the experimental relative phase difference and chirping caused by the phase modulation of an LiNbO3 modulator in the ›ber loop signi›cantly in—uences the interaction between the solitons and hence their stability as they circulate in the anomalous path-averaged dispersion ›ber loop. Furthermore, we investigate the evolution of solitons to bound soliton states using bi-spectra techniques, i.e., two-dimensional spectral distribution of the amplitude and phases of the complex amplitude optical signals are used to distinguish the solitonic states.
