ABSTRACT
This chapter describes antennas that operate at different frequency bands up to 77 GHz. It discusses achievements and future trends in antenna designs cited in numerous patents and papers. Many commercially available automotive antenna designs are presented. Printed-on-glass antennas present some advantages over traditional whip antennas. A normal mode roof helical antenna has a radiation pattern similar to a short straight vertical monopole for a car roof. Direct broadcasting satellite TV antennas operate in microwave Ku-band frequency range. Low cost microstrip antenna arrays are used in commercial and military radar installations, satellite systems, and mobile phones. KVH Industries, Inc engineers designed a microstrip antenna array to receive Ku-band signals from DirectTV satellites. Tire pressure monitoring systems are used for measuring and monitoring the pressures and temperatures inside vehicle tires. The roof-mounted antenna is almost omnidirectional, while the directionality of a printed-on-circuit-board antenna mounted in a car has a few angle dips that reduce the communication range.
