ABSTRACT
Wireless sensors are one of the fastest developing pervasive communication technologies. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a telecommunication network consisting of spatially distributed sensors and a base station. These sensors monitor physical or environmental conditions in a cooperative manner. This chapter presents classification of several reliable protocols for WSNs. The transmission control protocol network stack model is instrumental in classifying WSNs energy conservation research and protocols. The main design constraint confronted by WSNs protocols and solutions is the limited energy resources. The sensing capabilities of the wireless sensors cover physical measurements of phenomena such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, moisture, light intensity, magnetism, motion, radiation, or pollutants among many other physical and environmental quantities. The open systems interconnection (OSI) model is a standard developed by the International Organization of Standards (ISO) as how to transmit messages between any two telecommunicating points in a network.
