ABSTRACT
Antennas have been widely used in communication systems since the early 1900s. Over this span of time
scientists and engineers have developed a vast number of different antennas. The radiative properties of each of
these antennas are described by an antenna pattern. This is a plot as a function of direction of the power P
per unit solid angle O radiated by the antenna. The antenna pattern, also called the radiation pattern, is
usually plotted in spherical coordinates y and j. Often two orthogonal cross-sections are plotted: one where
the E-field lies in the plane of the slice (called the E-plane) and one where the H-field lies in the plane of the
slice (called the H-plane).
