ABSTRACT
The Seebeck effect is the development of an electromotive force (EMF) across a material in response to
the imposition of a temperature differential. The ratio of the EMF to the temperature difference is defined
as the Seebeck coefficient, a:
The Seebeck coefficient is a fundamental electronic transport property. In particular, the Seebeck
coefficient measures the entropy transported with a charge carrier as it moves, divided by the carrier’s
charge. As such, the Seebeck coefficient is affected by charge carriers’ interactions with one another,
with phonons and with the local magnetic moments of magnetic solids. Information about these
interactions is obtained by investigating how Seebeck coefficients vary with carrier density, temperature,
and magnetic field.
