ABSTRACT

GHGXFHG IURP3±9±7 DQG XOWUDVRQLFYHORFLW\PHDVXUHPHQWV RQ+ DQG' WR NEDU -$SSO3K\V±

'ULHVVHQ $ DQG 6LOYHUD , ) 7KH KLJKSUHVVXUH HTXDWLRQ RI VWDWH RI VROLG PROHFXODUWULWLXP-/RZ7HPS3K\V±

/LWKLXP $W QRUPDO FRQGLWLRQV /L KDV D EFF VWUXFWXUH ZLWK D QP DQG PHOWV DW R&7KHPDUWHQVLWLFSKDVHWUDQVLWLRQIURPWKHEFFWRWKHKFSVWUXFWXUH5ZDV REVHUYHGDWDERXW.$W7.WKHPL[WXUHRISRO\W\SLFSKDVHVZDVGHWHFWHG 1HXWURQGLIIUDFWLRQVWXGLHVVKRZWKDWWKHVWUXFWXUHEHORZ.LVWKHKFSRIWKH6P W\SHRUUKRPERKHGUDO6WDELOLW\RIWKHORZWHPSHUDWXUHSKDVHVKDVQRWEHHQH[DFWO\ GHWHUPLQHG 7KH PHOWLQJ FXUYH ZDV VWXGLHG XS WR *3D >@ XS WR *3D >@XSWR*3D>@XSWR*3D>±@XSWR*3D>@XSWR*3D >@E\FDOFXODWLRQ>@DQGLQ>@7KHPHOWLQJFXUYHZDVVWXGLHGZLWKDQLQLWLDO G7G3 .*3D XS WR R& DQG *3D >@ 7KH SUHVVXUHYDULDWLRQ VWUXFWXUH IDFWRURIOLTXLG/LXQGHUKLJKSUHVVXUHZDVGHWHUPLQHG>@

/LZDVVWXGLHGLQDVROLGVWDWHDWURRPWHPSHUDWXUHE\HOHFWURUHVLVWDQFHXS WR*3D>@XSWR*3D>@LQ>@E\WKH105PHWKRGWR*3D>@ E\;UD\GLIIUDFWLRQXSWR*3D>@LQ>@7KHORZWHPSHUDWXUH EHKDYLRU ZDV GHWHFWHG E\ DQ DFRXVWLFHPLVVLRQ WHFKQLTXH >@ E\ QHXWURQ

GLIIUDFWLRQ>@E\HOHFWURUHVLVWDQFH>@XSWR*3DIURPP.WR. >@ LQ>@DQGE\FDOFXODWLRQV>@7KHPDUWHQVLWLFSKDVHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ OLQHWRWKH5VWUXFWXUHZDVREVHUYHGWR±*3DZLWKDSRVLWLYHVORSH>@ 3KDVH WUDQVLWLRQ HYLGHQWO\ EFF±KFS ZDV GHWHUPLQHG E\ HOHFWURUHVLVWDQFH DQG HPI PHDVXUHPHQWVZLWKG7G3 .*3DXSWR*3DDQGURRPWHPSHUDWXUH>@,W LV FOHDU IURPUHVXOWV >@ WKDW WKHHTXLOLEULXPSKDVHGLDJUDPDW ORZ WHPSHUDWXUHVKDVQRW\HWEHHQGHWHUPLQHG7KHEHKDYLRURI/LKDVEHHQVWXGLHGXSWR *3D E\ ;UD\ GLIIUDFWLRQ DQG RSWLFDO LQIUDUHG DQG 5DPDQ VSHFWURVFRS\ PHDVXUHPHQWV >@1HDU *3D /L WUDQVIRUPV IURP D VKLQ\PHWDOOLF VWDWH WR DQ RSWLFDOO\ WUDQVSDUHQW VWDWH /L ZDV VWXGLHG E\ RSWLFDOPHDVXUHPHQWV XS WR *3D >@+LJKSUHVVXUHGHVWUR\VWKHKLJKUHIOHFWLYLW\DQGFRQYHUWVLWWRDGDUNVROLGORZ UHIOHFWLYLW\ DW *3D7KH VDPSOH DW *3D KDV EODFN JUDSKLWHOLNH FRORU$V D UHVXOW RI WKHVH DQG5DPDQ VWXGLHV LW LV FRQFOXGHG WKDW/LPROHFXOHVKDYH IRUPHG 7KLV LV FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKHRUHWLFDO FDOFXODWLRQV >@ 7KH WUDQVLWLRQ IURP WKH EFF SKDVHWRWKHKLJKSUHVVXUHPRGLILFDWLRQKDYLQJDIFFVWUXFWXUHZDVGHWHUPLQHGLQRQH ZRUN>@DWDERXW*3DDQGR&XVLQJ;UD\GLIIUDFWLRQVWXG\ZLWK∆9 3KDVH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQVZHUH VWXGLHG E\;UD\ GLIIUDFWLRQ XS WR *3D DQG URRP WHPSHUDWXUH >@ 7KH KLJKSUHVVXUH IFF SKDVH WUDQVIRUPV WR DQ LQWHUPHGLDWH SKDVH KDYLQJ D UKRPERKHGUDO VWUXFWXUH ZLWK VSDFH JURXS 5P ODWWLFH FRQVWDQWV D QPF QPLQKH[DJRQDOD[HVDW±*3DWRWKHSUHVVXUH LQGXFHGSKDVHZLWKDFXELFVWUXFWXUHVSDFHJURXS,G= DQGD QP DW *3D >@ 6HYHUDO KLJKSUHVVXUH SKDVHV KDYH EHHQ REVHUYHG E\ ;UD\ GLIIUDFWLRQVWXG\LQ>@

,Q >@ FDOFXODWLRQ VXJJHVWV WKDW XQGHU LQFUHDVLQJ SUHVVXUH WKH VXSHUFRQGXFWLQJWHPSHUDWXUH7F LQWKHIFF/LPD\UHDFK±.EHIRUHWUDQVLWLRQV RFFXUWRWKHUKRPERKHGUDOSKDVH5PDQGVXEVHTXHQWO\WRWKHFXELFSKDVH,GQHDU *3DZKHUH7FPD\UHDFKDPD[LPXPLQWKHUDQJH±.7KHVXSHUFRQGXFWLQJ SURSHUWLHVRI/LZHUHGHWHUPLQHGDW.DQG±*3D>@XSWR*3D>@ DW ± *3D >@ DQG LQ >@ $FFRUGLQJ WR >@ /L WUDQVIRUPV WR WKH VXSHUFRQGXFWLQJVWDWHDWa7F .DQGa*3DDW.DQG*3DWKLVLVWKH KLJKHVWREVHUYHG7FRIDQ\HOHPHQWDQGFRQILUPVWKHH[SHFWDWLRQWKDWHOHPHQWVZLWK ORZDWRPLFQXPEHUVZLOOKDYHKLJKWUDQVLWLRQWHPSHUDWXUHV6XSHUFRQGXFWLYLW\LQ/L LV REVHUYHG E\PDJQHWLF VXVFHSWLELOLW\ DQG HOHFWULFDO UHVLVWLYLW\PHDVXUHPHQWV >@ ZKHUH7FLVIRXQGUDQJLQJIURPWR.DW±*3D

7KH WUDQVLWLRQ LQWR D PROHFXODU SKDVH REVHUYHG DW a *3D E\ HOHFWULF FRQGXFWLYLW\XVLQJVKRFNFRPSUHVVLRQ>@DQGWR*3D>@ZKHUHWKHHOHFWULFDO FRQGXFWLYLW\ RI OLWKLXP LQ PHJDEDU G\QDPLF SUHVVXUH GHPRQVWUDWHG DQRPDORXV EHKDYLRU,WFKDQJHGIURPW\SLFDOWRPHWDOOLFYDOXHVWRVHPLFRQGXFWRURQHVDQGWKHQ EDFNWRPHWDOOLF>@$XWKRUV>@SUHGLFWHGE\FDOFXODWLRQWKDWGHQVH/LDWDURXQG *3D WUDQVIRUPHG WR DQ RUWKRUKRPELF SKDVHZLWK VSDFH JURXS&PFD DQG WR WKH SKDVHKDYLQJWKHVWUXFWXUHDVLQ&V,9W\SHDWa*3D3XUH/LLILQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWKGLDPRQGDQYLOVGHYHORSHGDFRUURVLYHHIIHFWRQ WKHDQYLOVDWSUHVVXUHVDERYH *3D >@ 6WDELOLW\ RI SKDVHV KDYLQJ WKH EFF KFS DQG IFF VWUXFWXUHV ZDV FDOFXODWHG>@7KHHTXDWLRQRIVWDWHZDVGHWHUPLQHGLQ >@XSWR*3D>@DQGDOVRLQLVRPHUV/LDQG/LDWKLJKSUHVVXUHVDQG .>@

7KHSKDVHGLDJUDPRIOLWKLXPLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH

,,,IFF

,,KFS

,EFF

/LT

7.