Concepts of Culture, Feedback, and Learning in Decision Making and Strategy Crafting

One way of looking at culture is as a “phenomenon that surrounds us at all times, being constantly enacted and created by our interactions with others” (Schein, 1992, p. 1). In other words, it is a living, evolving protocol of action and interaction among members of a group or an organization. This modus operandi consists of both tangible, explicit and intangible, implicit dimensions. Schein (1992, p. 5) believes that the major driving force behind shaping and legitimating cultures are the leaders of a group of people: “leaders create and change cultures, while managers and administrators live within them.”