ABSTRACT
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
The term “JPEG,” which stands for joint photographic experts group, has become very popular since Internet pages have started to contain “JPEG” images, i.e., images that can be downloaded in a shorter time than uncompressed or losslessly compressed images. Over the years, the committee that standardized the JPEG image compression algorithm has developed and issued other standards, such as JPEG-LS, JBIG, JBIG2, and JPEG 2000. This chapter addresses the standards related to compression of continuous-tone images; it does not cover compression of bilevel images. In particular, a research-oriented overview of the JPEG, JPEG-LS, and JPEG 2000 standards is provided. As for JPEG, the baseline compression process is described in detail, including the lossless mode, and the progressive and hierarchical modes are surveyed. Then, the recent JPEG-LS standard is reviewed, focusing on lossless compression and then describing the nearlossless mode. Finally, the new JPEG 2000 lossy and lossless compression standard is described. Pointers to reference software are given, and a discussion of recent advances and new research directions that are related to the technology contained in the standards is provided in the final section.
