ABSTRACT

This chapter introduces some of the techniques used to analyze electromagnetic transients in power systems, with emphasis on numerical techniques and the application of a digital computer. It presents the Bergeron’s method which serve as a basis for the numerical technique. The chapter provides the application of the Laplace transform. Power system transients can be caused by faults, switching operations, lightning strokes, or load variations. To select an adequate protection against both types of stresses, it is fundamental to know their origin, estimate the most adverse conditions, and calculate the transients they can produce. An accurate calculation of transients in power systems is a very difficult task because of the complexity of the equipment involved and the interaction between components. Transients in power systems were initially analyzed with network analyzers. Computer transients programs have significantly reduced time and cost of simulations, and most transients studies are presently based on the application of a digital computer.