ABSTRACT
This chapter explores some of the complexities of the concept of Buddha as it occurs in Buddhist traditions. It considers Buddhist critiques of a monotheistic God and whether they are in tension or veritable contradiction with Buddhists' own beliefs about Buddhahood. The chapter analyses the philosophical implications of widespread Buddhist practices involving visualisation of Buddhas as well as the worship of Buddha images and relics. It discusses the potentially problematic nature of these traditional beliefs and practices about Buddha for some contemporary Buddhists, who are often shaped by the forces of secular modernity and rationalism. From a psychological point of view, the Buddhist inclination to glorify the Buddha may be partly the result of a deep-rooted human need for a powerful and protective being, surely an understandable response to an uncertain and dangerous world. The gradual emergence of various forms of Mahayana Buddhism in ancient India saw the development of teachings that further emphasise the truly extraordinary nature of Buddha.
