ABSTRACT

This chapter analyzes the role of the double-cross system in security and counter-intelligence, primarily in Italy and the Middle East, from 1942 to 1945. Security and counter-intelligence was never the primary purpose of the double-cross system in the Mediterranean, and such work was never systematic. However, it was important in Italy, thanks to a chaotic security environment. It also emerged as an important aspect of Middle Eastern double-cross, thanks to slackening ‘A’ Force interest in the region and the emergence of new agents.