ABSTRACT
This chapter assesses the outlook for constraining international norms for offensive cyber operations. The chapter defines emerging-technology weapons and norm evolution theory and briefly reviews the current state of international norms for cyberwarfare. Next, it illustrates norm evolution theory for emerging-technology weapons and prospects for current norms between China, Russia, and the United States. The author then presents a refined theory of norm development as a framework to evaluate norm emergence. He concludes that constraining norms are unlikely to develop into a regime that could successfully manage and contain the threat.
