ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the nature of the translation problem, in both linguistic and cultural terms, and sketches some of the ways in which language professionals from different traditions provide or propose solutions. It focuses on some of the contexts in which translation happens, before discussing the various manifestations that translation processes and products take. The chapter also focuses on the knowledge and skills needed by professionals in the field, before exploring the question of genres of translation and the interrelated issue of modality of expression. It deals with a discussion of potential roles in translation for graduates of applied linguistics programmes. In the sub-field of audiovisual translation, source language (SL) discourse in one or more modalities is rendered into corresponding or different modalities in the target language (TL). Audiovisual translation encompasses all translation involving multiple modalities, but typically involves subtitling or dubbing for screen-based language in film, TV and video games.
