ABSTRACT
Management of rivers and other wetlands within protected areas (PAs) requires integration with landscape management. Integrated management has the potential to address issues regarding both scientific questions, and applied challenges. Rivers are inextricably linked to the landscapes that they drain, and stream condition is directly or indirectly affected by landscape condition. Terrestrial landscapes are generally influenced by a variety of drivers including climate, geomorphic setting, vegetation, natural disturbance regimes, and anthropogenic land use. The river network drains a specific portion of the landscape, a catchment, based on upslope topography. The catchment of a large river system will also include multiple smaller catchment sub-basins nested within it. Management of catchments is inherently difficult. Catchment-scale management lies at the intersection of ecological interests and human uses, including social and economic issues. Recovering hydrologic function in heavily managed systems has been recognized as a driver of resilience for aquatic ecosystems in the face of future climate changes.
