ABSTRACT
This chapter examines how unusual experiences became constructed within a medical model and considers the shift from institutional care to community care. It explores the rise and impact of the anti-psychiatry movement. Psychiatry emerged from the large numbers of state and private asylums, which provided a guaranteed market for the mad managers, who through a process of professionalization became known as psychiatrists. Partly as a result of Emil Kraepelin's work, the early 20th century saw psychiatry extending its powers outside of the asylum and into the community through what became known as the mental hygiene movement. Kraepelin's philosophy to the study of madness influenced reactions against a Kraepelin approach by what became known as anti-psychiatry. M. Foucault argues that one of the consequences of anti-psychiatry was that it permanently called into question the role of the psychiatrist, particularly as the holder of truth about madness.
