ABSTRACT
The United States delegation to the Sydney Conference had proposed, in addition to the Rule Paramount, an amendment to Rule F to make it clear, in the words of their explanatory paper, "that the expense substituted for would have been one that a reasonable shipowner would have incurred". If the text of the lettered Rules had been introduced with headings, the heading to Rule F would be Substituted expenses. Since 1974, therefore, all substituted expenses are to be treated in accordance with the principle set forth in Rule F. However, in some continental countries, a different practice has evolved whereby part of the cost of superintendence may be considered within Rule F when the ship is repaired at a port of refuge, to the extent that the employment of a superintendent has expedited the repair. Under Rule F, it is not necessary to consider what other savings there may be in addition to the savings achieved in general average.
