ABSTRACT
The use of forceps during delivery was associated with higher IQs among whites, even within socioeconomic status subgroups. The placenta was weighed after stripping the membranes and removing the cord and blood. Placental weight was correlated with birth-weight, head circumference at birth, length at birth, weight at four months, and height at four months. In the variable screen, duration of the second stage of labor had a small positive correlation with IQ of.06 among whites. Within the population subgroups, this variable was significantly related to IQ, but the effects were small and differed by race. In the interval between the beginning of true labor and the complete dilation of the cervix, fetal heart rates (FHR) were taken at least every 30 minutes until the cervix was dilated to 3cms and at least every 15 minutes from the time of 3cms dilation to complete dilation.
