ABSTRACT
This chapter presents two of the "pioneers of ethnographic community studies" among Finnish researchers, both of whom were peripheral to mainstream ethnographic scholarship at the time of their first published research. Hilma Granqvist remained marginalized in Finnish academic circles throughout her career, although her work was highly regarded in international circles. Karl Nickul was marginal to academic ethnography because he was, by training and professional position, a geographic surveyor for the Finnish government. His ethnographic research and writing were thus the product of a highly gifted "amateur ethnographer", working primarily outside academic circles. Kai Donner introduced some of the British influence into Finnish ethnographic thinking more than a decade earlier than H. Granqvist's contacts with anthropological training in London. In 1985 the Finnish Literature Society published a book entitled Trends in Finnish Ethnology, edited by Veikko Anttila. Three themes stand out clearly in the chapter: localized community studies; ecological theory frameworks; and mixed methods of ethnographic research.
