ABSTRACT
Materials used to treat diseases or implant things, including artificial organs, called biomaterials, must not be toxic and should not cause side reactions when applied to the body. The biological function of a liver or pancreas is too complicated to be replaced or mimicked by artificial materials. The first artificial organs to be developed were artificial kidneys. Dr. Kolff developed them in 1943 in the Netherlands. Kidneys remove urea from the blood. If kidneys lose their function, patients would have too much urea in the blood and ultimately die. Many babies are born with holes at the atrium or ventricle innately, and the probability is high as 0.8", which is a higher value than generally recognized. Hearts with high blood pressure or blood sugar have more load to circulate blood. An artificial heart is a symbol for artificial organs and has been developed for a long time.
