ABSTRACT
This chapter demonstrates that integrating archaeological and historical sources, together with undertaking spatial architectural and landscape analysis, can provide a more thorough and nuanced understanding of the form and patterns of use of episcopal residences. The itineraries of medieval bishops are the routes they travelled from place to place in order to carry out these varied, inter-related duties and expectations, so that reconstructing them is of considerable importance for archaeologist and historian alike. The chapter explores the information provided by recent archaeological intervention at the sites of three less well-preserved residences of the Bishops of Durham, Darlington Manor, Westgate Castle, and Bishop Middleham Castle. It also demonstrates that there is often much new data of importance to be obtained about the nature of the form and function of such sites in the medieval period.
