ABSTRACT
Plants present on their cuticle various surface structures and chemical compounds responsible for their different wetting properties. The superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of the famous lotus leaves are due to hierarchical surface structures composed of large convex cells and nanostructures hydrophobic wax crystals. Fogging was shown that the eyes of mosquitoes and flies are not only superhydrophobic but also antifogging, which provides clear vision in highly humid environments. Water being vital, many animals and plants have developed strategies to capture water even in arid environments. This chapter discusses the ordered arrangement of the eyes at both micro- and nanoscale which is responsible for both superhydrophobic and antifogging properties. A dual-scale or fractal surface roughness associated to intrinsically hydrophobic materials is one of the easiest ways to obtain superhydrophobic properties with high robustness, which is the stability of the superhydrophobic properties against high pressure. Robustness is very important for these plants to maintain their superhydrophobic properties during rainfalls.
