ABSTRACT
This chapter analyses changes in flexible working patterns from the point of view of the employing organisation across Europe. It examines the advantages and disadvantages of flexibility in general and then examines the differing forms of flexibility: part-time working; non-permanent employment, other evidence on variable working hours; and examines briefly the evidence on task flexibility. The chapter begins by discussing part-time and non-permanent employment, as two of the most extensive and most discussed areas of flexible working. The advantages of flexible working to employers appear clear. The large number of organisations that are using flexible working patterns, and using them in increasing numbers, do not do so on a whim or a fad. Flexible working patterns allow managements to respond to ever greater pressures for cost-effectiveness both through reducing costs and improving effectiveness. There is a view that there are additional advantages to employees of flexible working beyond those of career choice or getting at least some kind of job.
