ABSTRACT
An understanding of how transformations occur, and how in practice they can be induced and directed, or predicted, detected and responded to, is therefore important to the evaluation of aid performance and the design of aid investments. Minor, managed, and deliberate transformations are vital to aid investments, which seek to stimulate and guide a succession of miniature changes that are supposed to reveal themselves in an overall movement towards economic prosperity. Triggering transformational changes requires a programmatic approach that addresses the barriers to reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD)+ in a systemic way. REDD+ initiatives need to support the implementation of national or sub-national strategies that shape policies and incentives, rather than isolated projects. A grant via the World Bank to the Indonesian REDD+ Task Force supported its Strategy and Financing Instrument working groups at a critical time, and also financed inputs on the design of the Indonesian REDD+ Financing Institution.
