ABSTRACT
The interface between science and public policy is often occupied by tortured
discussions about the certainty of results and conclusions. The scientific literature
reflects just how uncomfortable many people have become with this. Articles
tend to be of two types. In the first the author is able to convince him or herself
that the science is conclusive and that therefore specific public health recom-
mendations are warranted. In the second, more common, situation the author
pleads uncertainty and urges no more than further study.
