ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a taxonomic, morphological, genetic, and physiological baseline for wild pigs in North America. Wild pigs in North America exhibit a broad spectrum of morphological, genetic, and physiological diversity. This diversity stems from widely varying taxonomic or ancestral origins of these animals. In general, wild pigs in North America are medium-to large-sized animals, with a barrel-like stout body and a relatively long, pointed head supported by a short and thickset neck. The coat of wild pigs is coarse and bristly, and can vary from sparsely to densely haired with respect to coverage on any specific animal. Some individuals exhibit a well-developed mane along the neck, shoulder, and forward portion of the lower back. The number and arrangement of the teats in wild pigs are comparable to that seen in domestic pigs. For wild pigs, locomotion is a primary energy expenditure, particularly during grazing. The amount of grazing energy required varies based on forage availability/amount and nutritional quality.
