ABSTRACT
Russian historicallexicology has recently acquired new valuable sources-edited dictionaries and sixteenth-century vocabularies compiled by foreigners. Although the manuscripts became known to linguists in the nineteenth century, they were hardly studied at all. The following recent editions should be mentioned: Einn Russisch Buch by Thomas Schroue, Ein Rusch Boeck (RB), an anonymous sixteenth-century Low German-Russian dictionary and vocabulary, and A Dictionarie of the Vulgar Russe Tongue. Attributed to Mark Ridley (Ridley). These editions were similar to publications by B.A. Larin, who had edited and provided linguistic commentary for The Paris Dictionary of the Moscovites (late sixteenth century) and Richard James :S Russian-English Dictionary-Diary (the first half of the seventeenth century). They were followed by the four-volume edition of Tijnnies Fenne :SLow German Manual of Spoken Russian Pskov 1607 and several others (3KKepT 1986). All the editors and researchers who worked with these sources, among whom, B.O. Unbegaun should be mentioned in the first place, pointed out that the sources were extremely important for Russian lexicography. Since the foreign compilers had not been bound by the restriction and prejudice of the Russian written tradition of the time, their works gave a better idea of the spoken language. Mark Ridley's dictionary is an exceptionally interesting and valuable source, as it is the earliest bilingual dictionary compiled by a foreigner with Russian words put down in Cyrillic. Since the author was a physician and took an interest in the sciences, the dictionary contains extensive terminology lists or classified vocabularies found at the end of both manuscripts (Laud Misc. 47a and Laud Misc. 47b) that make up G.C. Stone's edition. MS 47a has lists of Birds, Fish, Plants and Diseases, with the first two lists being Russian-English and the second two Russian-Latin. MS 47b has an English-Russian list of Birds and a Latin-Russian of Plants. The scientific and medical aspect seems to be the original feature of this written source. It is interesting to compare Ridley's medical terminology with similar vocabulary in other written evidence about the Russian language by foreigners in the sixteenth - early seventeenth century, which, in terms of time, is very close to Ridley's dictionary. While The Paris Dictionary of the Moscovites does not contain any vocabulary on diseases, there are nouns meaning 'physician, doctor', 'chemist', 'leech', 'health', and the verb Heuo'lb 'to be ill' (Jlap11H 1948, 51, 52, 58, 71, 146). Th. Schroue put down the words related to human diseases in ff. 91, 91 v. Medical terms proper are 11 (according to the transliterations of the index): onyxflblU, 6o!lfl'IKa, Heuo'Ju, 30opoBbe, Mop, Hec'Jacmbe 'pestilence, infection', rjJpaH'Iyzu,
mp5tcb, Kopocma, Kzma, B03Zp5l (Schroue 229-320). Furthermore, there are words for parts of the body, terms of anatomy and physiology that were described by A. Falowski (Falowski 1996). The anonymous Low German-Russian dictionary contains a section §in f. 38a entitled "Van Schterbens Lelifften vnnd Krankheiten" ("On Death and Diseases") that begins with the word bog a del 'nja followed by mar velikij, trjasca, detinec, usov ', krovotoCivyj, mocu zakladajet, otok, francy, kila, Cirej, umirajet, jazva, rana (transliteration according to index RB 127-209), nemoiet, bolen (RB 38, f. 18) also belong here-15 words altogether.
