ABSTRACT
After Albert’s death, Victoria continued this philanthropic crusade. Though she offended her politicians by withdrawal from political functions, she took care not to offend her people by withdrawal from public displays of philanthropy. For many years she did not open Parliament, but she did open hospitals.3 She spent about ten per cent of her private income on charitable giving.4 This can be compared with
between four and seven per cent given by those (few) landed aristocrats whose charitable expenditure has been studied.5
