ABSTRACT

After presenting the interior and exterior form of people's documents, a short look at the titles mentioned in the text will lead them to the assessment of the contents, as the titles are linked to both fields. In the Arabic texts, Qurra appears without a title; it goes without saying that he was the amir. In the Greek translations, he bears the title throughout. Julius Wellhausen was the first to indicate Theophanes' usage, who called the caliph to begin with, and his companions. General usage understands the word jizya to mean the poll tax levied in money from non-Muslims at certain rates depending on their ability to pay. It is never stated clearly how and where the peasants' harvest would be turned into money. Observing the taxes in kind opens up such a profusion of questions that people must first and foremost delimit very clearly which section they are looking at in order to illustrate their documents.