ABSTRACT
This chapter explores human nature and the causes of violent conflict. According to those who believe in genetic sources of violence, aggressive behaviour is rooted in human instinct. Repression of the innate aggressive propensities leads to seeking increased outlets in inter-group or inter-state violence. If human beings are innately evil and biologically aggressive, mechanisms for control are likely to be seen as necessary. Some people propose that experiences of frustration produce a tendency to attack other people. A natural build-up of blocked energy seeks release, and aggressive action is directed to the source of one's frustration. Basic needs theorists attribute protracted social conflict to dissatisfaction of both physical and psychological needs. In deep rooted conflict, inequity in political and economic power between different groups as well as the existence of incompatible religious or ideological convictions generates conditions for polarisation and violence. The security of communal identity is affected by antagonistic perceptions and interactions.
