Mark Tessler, Jodi Nachtwey and Audra Grant (1999), 'Further Tests of the Women and Peace Hypothesis: Evidence from Cross-National Survey Research in the Middle East', International Studies Quarterly, 43, pp. 519-31.

This research report replicates, extends, and adds a longitudinal dimension to a recently published analysis focusing on the relationship between sex and attitudes toward international conflict, and specifically on the hypothesis that asserts that women are more peace-oriented than men (Tessler and Warriner, 1997). The study which is being replicated utilized public opinion data from Israel, Egypt, Palestine, and Kuwait. The present report extends the analysis, employing one additional data set from Israel, two additional data sets from Palestine, and new data sets from Jordan and Lebanon. The interrelated goals of the analysis are (1) to test further a social science hypothesis that purports to have explanatory power in diverse social and cultural contexts; (2) to compare findings from different Middle Eastern societies and different points in time in order to determine whether aggregate

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societal circumstances affect the applicability of this hypothesis; and (3) to compare findings from the Middle East to published findings based on research in the U.S. and Europe in order to investigate further the conditionalities associated with the women and peace hypothesis.