ABSTRACT
Under th(; heading 'What we mean by citizenship', the Advisory Group on Citizenship began their Final Report, entitled Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools (1998) (hereafter the 'Crick Report' 1), by setting their view of democratic citizenship in an historical context:
In the political tradition stemming from the Greek city states and the Roman republic, citizenship has meant involvement in public affairs by those who had the rights of citizens: to take part in public debate and, directly or indirectly, in shaping the laws and decisions of the state. In modern times, however, democratic ideas led to constant demands to broaden the franchise from a narrow citizen class of the educated property owners, to achieve female emancipation, to lower the voting age, to achieve freedom of the press and to open up the processes of government. We now have the opportunity for a highly educated citizen democracy (Crick Report, 1998, 2.1 ).
