ABSTRACT
Germansinthesouthwestwerecontentious.Muchofthesignificantsocial andpoliticalunrestinGerman-speakingEuropebetweenr760andr850took placeinthisarea.Therewererecurringconfrontationsinthelateeighteenth centurybetweenpeasantsandtheirdomainalorterritoriallords.Inthesame periodimperialfreecitesandresidencetownswererackedbystrifeinvolving cliquishinsidersanddisaffectedoutsiders.TheFrenchrevolutiontriggereda wholeseriesofprotestsandultimatelyfutilechallengestotheoldorder.With therestorationcametheminorityputchismofstudentradicalsandsporadic unrestintheHessianOdenwald.Beginninginr830contentionbecamemore deliberate,betterplanned,andmassive:ther830uprisingsinUpperHesse, Hambach,r832,theFrankfurt'guardhouseassault'(Wachensturm)of r833-anattempttooverthrowtheGermanconfederation-andthe'battle fortheimperialconstitution'(Reichsveifassungskampagne)ofr849inBadenand thePalatinate,themostsustainedandnumericallylargestGermanpopular rebellionofthenineteenthcentury.2
