ABSTRACT
This chapter first outlines the problematic sources for Philip and Alexander. It then pieces together Philip’s military reforms, including a new phalanx and the use of heavy cavalry as the main striking force. Philip’s diplomatic and strategic acumen is also examined. Exploring Alexander’s conquests in Asia, the chapter accounts for how he came to be seen as the new legitimate king of Persia. Two important watershed events of Alexander’s campaign, the Siege of Tyre and the Battle of Gaugamela, serve as case studies of Alexander’s art of war. The chapter concludes with Alexander’s historical and cultural legacy.
