ABSTRACT
The increasing productivity of labour is due to a number of causes, most of which have conveniently been grouped under the generic title of "rationalisation". Rationalisation, by which we understand the methods of technique and of organisation designed to secure the minimum waste of either effort or material. It includes the scientific organisation of labour, standardisation both of material and of products, simplification of processes and improvements in the system of transport and marketing. The first steps in the development of rationalisation to obtain wide recognition are identified with the name of F. W. Taylor, an American engineer, who worked out detailed methods of workshop management and organisation. Taylor's system included the selection of the most suitable workers for the various tasks, and their training in the methods required. Standardisation of the materials employed and of the articles produced plays an important part in rationalisation. The disposal of the goods manufactured includes the processes of selling and advertising.
