ABSTRACT
When a fluid (gas or liquid) is transported in a pipe, all parts of the fluid may not have the same velocity. The velocity is generally lower at the vicinity of the pipe wall. This variation in velocity is described by the flow profile. It is possible to estimate the flow profile by looking at the shape of the upstream pipe work or by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Pressure and flow have a close relationship in a pipeline. This is sometimes used when measuring; flow can be measured to calculate pressure and vice versa. Inductive flow meters are one of the most flow measuring commonly used principles in process industries today. The signal converter of an inductive flow meter will measure the voltage between the electrodes induced by the magnetic field coils. Sound waves can be used in several ways to measure flow. The most common is to use ultrasonic sound and the transit time method.
