ABSTRACT
A benchmark response or benchmark risk (BMR) Benchmark responseBenchmark risk is a small increase above the background level in the probability of an adverse event. Usually risk assessment Risk assessment is not based on the benchmark dose (BMD) itself but on the Benchmark dose lower limit benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL), which is defined as the lower limit of the confidence interval for the BMD. The BMD is the dose eliciting a response equal to BMR on average, assuming some dose-response model. The BMDL may be found using different approaches. The simplest approach proposed by Crump is using a one-sided Wald-type confidence intervalConfidence interval. InterpolationInterpolation in a dose region with little or no data is highly dependent on the fit of a dose-response model. In studies estimating BMD and BMDL the choice of dose-response model describing data can be crucial for the conclusions.
