ABSTRACT
Plasmon, quantum Hall Effect and quantum chaos are of fundamental importance not only to the understanding of the nanoscience but also to the basic physics. The optical properties and surface physics of nanoparticles have attracted much attention. Gold nanoparticles come in different sizes, shapes and colours. Some metals, such as copper and gold, have electronic interband transitions absorbing light in the visible range, giving rise to their distinct colours. Plasmon is the quantized plasma oscillation, at optical frequencies. Many a classical system may be quantified by the Lyupov exponent for its chaotic nature of exponential sensitivity, and exhibits the elliptical instability and broadband spectra. The plasmon may couple with a quantum dot or a nanocrystal to enhance its lasing effect. A method for the guiding of electromagnetic energy that allows for optical mode dimensions below the diffraction limit was proposed.
