ABSTRACT

Dynamic loading can be grouped according to natural and anthropogenic origins. Natural sources of dynamic loads including earthquake, tsunamis, volcanic explosion, wind, rainstorm, waves and ice movement. Anthropogenic sources of dynamic loads including machine vibration, bomb blasts, construction and quarry blasting, construction operations, traffic, ship impact, and landing aircraft. This chapter discusses the problems of dynamic loading of soils and soil structure interaction which include earthquake, blasting and machine vibration. The code approach attempts to substitute a dynamic problem with an equivalent static problem. The chapter also discusses the several approaches for field and laboratory correlation studies on liquefaction. H. B. Seed notes that the types of test generally show that liquefaction can be readily induced in loose to medium dense sands. There are four types of laboratory tests commonly used for measuring the liquefaction potential of a sand mass; that are cyclic triaxial shear test, cyclic simple shear test, cyclic torsion shear test and shake table test.